The announcement of the military defeat of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) and the fall of the capital of the caliphate represents a decisive blow to the terrorist organization, but this does not necessarily mean that it is the final defeat, due to the presence of three basic general challenges:
- The security challenge: The defeat of the organization militarily does not mean the end of the security challenge of the organization, on the contrary, there are indications that the organization has changed its strategy as they turned into sleeper cells.
- The “ideological” or the “intellectual” challenge: where the organization relies on a strict ideological system based on providing evidence to its supporters to justify acts of “killing, displacement and captivity of women and other practices against the laws”. Therefore, the solution lies in an intellectual confrontation as confronting ISIS in an intellectual way lacks a new discourse within an alternative national project.
- The returnees and their families: This file “returnees from ISIS to the state” is a critical security issue for many Arab and Europeans countries, in addition to the problem of fighters returning from ISIS is their families, such as their wives and children and how to deal with them. Countries policies differed towards this category as between them who accept the return or those who reject it completely.
Despite the disappearance of ISIS from the scene militarily, its ideological strength remains. Many politicians and analysts fear that the jihadist group will remain a threat in the Middle East and beyond in light of the presence of ISIS camps – on the Iraqi and Syrian borders – as a time bomb in which ISIS families of children are located. In addition to that, women of different nationalities carry within them the seeds of extremist jihadist ideology as the nucleus of the birth of a new, more dangerous and cruel ISIS.
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